Remember that slavery was normal for the African peasants; it was routine for families defaulting on debt (usually for rice, the staple food) to be seized and sold by the creditor. Every year they saw people led away by the Arab middlemen. Nothing was happening which was not usual for people of their social and economic class; finally it was their turn.

That explains why the Africans were so astonishingly docile, lining up to be marched across the Sahara or to the coast when even passive resistance would have made the traders’ job impossible. The slaves were many, the traders few. The primitive firearms then in use could have done no more than kill a few Africans before the rest overwhelmed the Arabs. It was because the Africans accepted their fate calmly, as a normal outcome of being a prisoner of war or a defaulting debtor that the slave trade was possible at all.

That also explains why they were not driven crazy by the middle passage. Stoicism in the face of hardship is more likely when you see what is happening as right and proper. As for building black cultures in the Americas – that is only partly true. They did not so much build a black culture as bring it with them. What they built in the New World was a fusion of their own culture with that of the white colonists – and this varies from country to country, region to region across the Americas. Although the slaves were drawn from the same African kingdoms, black culture in, for instance, Louisiana is vastly different from that in Haiti or in Brazil, and the differences are mainly mediated by the differing conditions of slavery and the different input from the whites in those places.

Hope this helps.
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